Rainwater leakage of aluminum alloy doors and windows in construction projects is the most common in the process of use, and it is also difficult to cure. It has a great impact on the quality of construction projects, and the economic losses caused are even more inestimable. With the large-scale development of residential buildings in China, residential buildings are becoming more and more high-rise, facing the needs of building lighting and appearance beautification. At the same time, the rainwater leakage phenomenon of aluminum doors and windows is also widely present in doors and windows of other materials and has a similar situation, and some are more severe. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and deal with the rainwater leakage of aluminum doors and windows, which not only solves the problem of rainwater leakage of aluminum doors and windows, but also has the same guiding significance for the rainwater leakage of other types of doors and windows.
The main reasons for rainwater leakage from aluminum doors and windows can be roughly divided into four categories
1: The structure of the doors and windows itself is defective in the design process; 2: It is caused by the failure to meet the quality requirements in the process of processing and installation; 3: It is caused by the inconsistent materials of materials and accessories;
The leakage caused by one or four of these four categories is more harmful and difficult to deal with. In addition, there are also defects in the building structure itself that cause rainwater leakage at the connection between doors and windows and the wall of the opening, but this is not a leakage problem of doors and windows.
A. The design of the waterproof structure of aluminum doors and windows is not fair, the waterproof sealing level is not enough, and the drainage channel in the cavity of the aluminum door and window structure is not formed. When the rainwater easily enters the aluminum door and window cavity and enters the room under the action of indoor and outdoor wind pressure water and leaks.
B. The structural strength and rigidity of aluminum doors and windows fail to meet the requirements of the wind pressure resistance at the location where the aluminum doors and windows are used, resulting in the stress members, hardware accessories, seals and bonding materials of the aluminum doors and windows under the action of normal wind loads. Severe plastic deformation, cracking or damage, etc. will occur, resulting in the failure of the door and window body seal and resulting in rainwater leakage. The reason is that the product failed to accurately calculate and design the strength according to the specifications, and did not pass the physical function test of wind pressure resistance before production and installation.
C. In the process of architectural design, improper use and selection of aluminum alloy doors and windows is also one of the reasons for the leakage of rainwater from doors and windows. The most common example is the use of ordinary sliding doors and aluminum doors and windows for the facades of high-rise buildings or areas with large amounts of rain.
D. When the aluminum doors and windows are installed on site, the assembly size is not well controlled, resulting in the mutual misalignment of the overlapping and sealing positions or insufficient overlapping size, or there is a gap due to sufficient pressure, and the fastening screws used to fix the door and window frames are not closed. Sealing with sealant, the surface of the sealing part is not cleaned when sealing with sealant, etc.
E. The sealing material used for aluminum doors and windows is too poor, such as the rubber strip is too hard, the anti-aging time is short, the sealant is outdated or counterfeit, the anti-displacement ability is poor, and it is easy to be pulled and cracked.
F. The processing precision of aluminum doors and windows does not meet the quality requirements, and the matching gap is too large. The parts that need to be assembled after bonding are not coated with sealing materials and are assembled directly, causing rainwater to easily penetrate into the doors and windows and the main structure through various assembly gaps.
G. The connection between aluminum doors and windows and the wall of the opening is the most common part of rainwater leakage. The main reasons are as follows:
⒈Because of the defects of the building wall adjacent to the door and window openings, the rainwater directly penetrates into the room through the wall under the action of wind load, especially when the outer wall is pasted with face bricks. exist. This phenomenon is often mistaken for leaking doors and windows because the seepage site is close to the doors and windows.
⒉ The filling material does not fill the gap between the door and window frame and the wall, forming a hollow phenomenon or crack.
3. The adjustment pads for fixing the door and window frame remain in the door and window frame, or there is no secondary filling after removal.
⒋The gap between the aluminum door and window and the wall of the hole cannot be filled with qualified materials as required, such as the wrong label of waterproof cement mortar or the wrong proportion.
⒌The full size of the opening of the wall does not meet the design requirements, resulting in the gap between the door and window shape and the wall exceeding the designated range. Too small gap makes it impossible to fill materials, and too large gap makes the doors and windows difficult to fix and the filling is not real and easy to produce cracks etc.
⒍The fixed connection between the doors and windows and the opening is not strong, so that the doors and windows move under the action of wind load and cause cracks in the sealing material.
⒎After the doors and windows are installed, the connection between the outside of the doors and windows and the wall is not sealed, or the seal fails.
⒏ For doors and windows with corners or connected forms, the upper part of the connecting rods located at the corners or connected parts is not blocked, which is easy to cause leakage of rainwater to enter the room from top to bottom.
However, generally when making and processing aluminum alloy doors and windows, the processing party will use a punch to punch out a number of regular holes on the glide path (that is, the aluminum alloy with the bottom side of the room and the outside side of the room) to prevent water from accumulating in the The slideway goes up the mountain, and the middle part will be pasted on both sides of the slideway, which is a thick double-sided tape to prevent water from flowing out of the gap. Before assembly, it will be sealed on the sides (the left and right sides of the aluminum alloy frame Root aluminum alloy) and the hook of the inner frame and put on the sealing top.
Precautions during construction
Matters needing special attention during installation and construction in coastal areas
In coastal areas, due to the relatively large amount of salt and alkali contained in wind and rain, some areas have un-desalinated sea sand that is strictly prohibited by national standards. The corrosion problem of aluminum alloy doors and windows is relatively serious, and special attention should be paid to it. In addition to the above procedures, the following procedures should also be strictly followed:
⒈Aluminum doors and windows transported into the construction site should be placed in a well-ventilated, dry and clean warehouse.
⒉ The height of the sleeper surface at the place of placement should be >=100mm, and the stack should not exceed 15 molds (fans) per yard. Soft materials should be used between each mold (fan) to prevent crushing and damage between aluminum alloys and hardware. Mutual friction destroys the protective film on the surface of the profile.
3. There must be a drip line at the door and window openings, which should be inspected before installation. Because rainwater flowing over walls made of sea sand is highly corrosive, it must be guarded against.
⒋The installation iron sheet should adopt the card type to minimize the amount of processing that destroys the aluminum alloy protective layer.
⒌The joint part of aluminum alloy profiles should be sealed with neutral glue to prevent rainwater from entering the inner cavity without protective layer. As a rule of thumb, corrosion usually begins in an unprotected cavity.